Implementación del Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado en educación médica: revisión sistemática sobre su aplicabilidad y efectividad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36097/rgcs.v3i2.3227Palabras clave:
Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado, educación médica, estudiantes de medicina, competencia clínica, evaluación educacional, simulación por computadorResumen
El Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado (ECOE) constituye una herramienta estandarizada para evaluar competencias clínicas en estudiantes de medicina. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo analizar su implementación y efectividad en modalidades presencial y virtual. Se realizó una búsqueda de estudios publicados entre 2019 y 2025 siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, incluyendo investigaciones relacionadas con el desempeño estudiantil y la evaluación de competencias clínicas. Los resultados evidenciaron que el ECOE permite valorar de manera objetiva habilidades clínicas, comunicación, razonamiento clínico y toma de decisiones; sin embargo, los formatos virtuales presentan limitaciones para evaluar procedimientos y la exploración física. Además, se identificó un incremento del estrés académico asociado a esta evaluación. Se concluye que el ECOE es un método efectivo y adaptable, aunque requiere mayor estandarización, capacitación de evaluadores y desarrollo de modelos híbridos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Sergio G. Roca, Nataly Duran, Jaime Mercado
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